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使用 Bootstrap5,我们仍然可以使用固定值的像素创建网页布局,但是容器宽度因视口宽度而异,并且布局也具有响应性。
创建固定但响应式布局的过程基本上从使用`.container`类开始。之后,可以使用`.row`类创建行来放置水平列组。行必须放置在容器中才能正确对齐和填充。
可以使用预定义的网格类(例如.col
, )在行内创建更多列col-{xs|sm|md|lg|xl|xxl}-*
,其中*表示网格编号并且应该从 1 到 12。请查看有关Bootstrap 网格系统的教程以了解有关网格类的更多信息。
注意
:文本、图像、视频、表格等实际内容应放在列中,并且只有列可以是行的直接子项。
以下示例将创建一个固定宽度的响应式布局,在平板电脑等中型设备(视口 ≥ 768 像素)上为 720 像素宽,而在小型笔记本电脑(视口 ≥ 992 像素)等大型设备上为 960 像素宽,在台式机等超大型设备上(视口 ≥ 1200 像素)为 1140 像素宽,在超大型设备(如大型桌面)(视口 ≥ 1400 像素)上宽度为 1320 像素。
但是,在手机等小型设备上(576px ≤ 视口 < 768px),布局宽度为 540px。但是,在超小型设备(视口 < 576px)上,布局将覆盖 100% 的宽度。此外,在这两种情况下,列将垂直堆叠,导航栏将折叠。
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我们使用了工具类如.mb-3
,.ml-auto
,.mx-2
等来调整元件之间的间隔。尽管班.text-dark
,.text-muted
,.text-md-right
是文本实用工具类,用来调整颜色和文本的对齐方式。您将在后面的章节中了解它们。