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我们在名为 users 的集合中插入了以下文档,如下所示
db.users.insert(
{
"address": {
"city": "Los Angeles",
"state": "California",
"pincode": "123"
},
"tags": [
"music",
"cricket",
"blogs"
],
"name": "Tom Benzamin"
}
)
以上文档包含了 address 子文档和 tags 数组。
假设我们要根据用户的标签搜索用户文档。为此,我们要在集合中的标签数组上创建一个索引。
在数组上创建索引依次为其每个字段创建单独的索引条目。因此,在我们的例子中,当我们在标签数组上创建索引时,将为其值 music、cricket 和 blog 创建单独的索引。
可以使用以下代码,在标签数组上创建索引。
>db.users.createIndex({"tags":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1
}
>
创建索引后,我们可以这样检索集合的 tags 字段:
> db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
"address" : {
"city" : "Los Angeles",
"state" : "California",
"pincode" : "123"
},
"tags" : [
"music",
"cricket",
"blogs"
],
"name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}
要验证是否使用了正确的索引,使用以下explain命令
>db.users.find({tags:"cricket"}).explain()
将输出以下结果:
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "mydb.users",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"tags" : {
"$eq" : "cricket"
}
},
"queryHash" : "9D3B61A7",
"planCacheKey" : "04C9997B",
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"tags" : 1
},
"indexName" : "tags_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"multiKeyPaths" : {
"tags" : [ ]
},
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 2,
"direction" : "forward",
"indexBounds" : {
"tags" : [
"[\"cricket\", \"cricket\"]"
]
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "Krishna",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.1",
"gitVersion" : "edf6d45851c0b9ee15548f0f847df141764a317e"
},
"ok" : 1
}
以上命令执行结果中显示 "cursor" : "BtreeCursor tags_1" ,则表示已经使用了索引。
假设我们需要通过city、state、pincode字段来检索文档,由于这些字段是子文档的字段,所以我们需要对子文档建立索引。
为子文档的三个字段创建索引,命令如下:
>db.users.createIndex({"address.city":1,"address.state":1,"address.pincode":1})
{
"numIndexesBefore" : 4,
"numIndexesAfter" : 4,
"note" : "all indexes already exist",
"ok" : 1
}
创建索引后,我们可以使用此索引搜索任何子文档字段,如下所示
> db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles"}).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
"address" : {
"city" : "Los Angeles",
"state" : "California",
"pincode" : "123"
},
"tags" : [
"music",
"cricket",
"blogs"
],
"name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}
请记住,查询表达式必须遵循指定索引的顺序。所以上面创建的索引将支持以下查询
> db.users.find({"address.city":"Los Angeles","address.state":"California"}).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dd7c927f1dd4583e7103fdf"),
"address" : {
"city" : "Los Angeles",
"state" : "California",
"pincode" : "123"
},
"tags" : [
"music",
"cricket",
"blogs"
],
"name" : "Tom Benzamin"
}