在 Docker 中设置工作目录
如果存在，则计算中进程的工作目录是链接的分层文件系统中的一个目录，该文件系统对每个进程都是动态的。 在 Docker 中，我们可以通过编辑 Dockerfile 并添加密钥 WORKDIR 来设置我们的工作目录。
本文将讨论在 Docker 中更改我们当前和默认的工作目录。
Docker 中的 WORKDIR
Dockerfile 中的 WORKDIR 命令确定其后的任何 RUN、CMD、ENTRYPOINT、COPY 和 ADD 指令的工作目录。 我们可以在 Dockerfile 中多次使用 WORKDIR 指令。
如果我们提供相对路径，它将相对于先前 WORKDIR 指令的路径。
例如：
WORKDIR /usr
WORKDIR src/serv
RUN sampleserv
此 Dockerfile 中最终 sampleserv 命令的输出将是 /usr/src/serv。
WORKDIR 指令可以解析先前使用 ENV 指令指定的环境变量。 但是，我们只能使用在 Dockerfile 中显式设置的环境变量。
ENV DIRPATH=/usr
WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
RUN sampleserv
此 Dockerfile 中的最终 sampleserv 命令的输出将是 /usr/$DIRNAME。
默认工作目录是根目录或 / 如果未指定。 实际上，如果您不是从头开始创建 Dockerfile (FROM scratch)，您使用的基础镜像可能已经配置了 WORKDIR。
因此，我们建议明确设置您的 WORKDIR 以防止未知文件夹中的意外活动。
为了清晰和可靠，我们应该始终为您的 WORKDIR 使用绝对路径。 另外，我们应该使用 WORKDIR 而不是增加像 RUN cd … && sample-code 这样难以阅读、故障排除和维护的指令。
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