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在 JavaScript 中创建对象列表

作者:迹忆客 最近更新:2023/03/11 浏览次数:

本文将演示在 JavaScript 中创建对象列表及其属性和方法。

JavaScript 是一种面向对象的编程语言,在任何面向对象的编程语言中,一切都被视为对象。

对象是具有状态和行为的现实世界实体 - 例如,汽车。汽车具有状态(颜色)和行为(速度、加速度等)。

通常,一个对象伴随着其他编程语言中的一个类,而类定义了一个对象的蓝图。但是 JavaScript 不需要类来创建对象,因为它纯粹基于模板。

语法:

const object = {
    // object's different member's names & values
    name1: value1,
    name2: value2,
    name3: value3
};

让我们看一个简单的 JavaScript 演示。

const employee = {
    id: 541,
    company: ['Delft', 'Stack'],
    details: function() {
        document.write('I work for ${this.name[0]} ${this.name[1]} with employee id ${this.id}');
        // I work for DelftStack with employee id 541
    }
};

上述员工对象的前两个成员是数据项,我们通常称它们为对象的属性/状态。第三项是允许对象对数据做某事的函数,我们通常称它为对象的方法/行为。

简单来说,对象就是属性的集合。JavaScript 对象中的数据项或值称为其属性。

除了只读属性,我们还可以添加、更新和删除属性。

在下面的代码中,我们解释了访问对象属性的不同方法。

var student = {
    rollNo: "BSE541",
    name: "Joe Burns",
    age: 23,
    degree: "Computer Science",
};

student.age;     // accessing object using object.property
student[age];    // accessing object using object[property]
x = "age";
student[x];      // using variable to access object's property

简单来说,JavaScript 对象可以执行的操作称为方法。

var student = {
   rollNo: "BSE541",
   name: "Joe Burns",
   age: 23,
   degree: "Computer Science",
};

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hi " + student.name;
// print "Hi Joe Burns"

下面是演示 JavaScript 对象属性和方法的完整 HTML 示例。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h2>JavaScript Objects Example</h2>
        <p id="object"> </p>
        <script>
            const company = {
                name:"DelftStack",
                id:571,
                location:"USA"
            };
            document.getElementById("object").innerHTML = company.name + " is a technology company registered in the " + company.location + " with id: " + company.id;
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

输出:

JavaScript Objects Example
DelftStack is a technology company registered in the USA with id: 571

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