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JavaScript 中不区分大小写的字符串比较

作者:迹忆客 最近更新:2023/03/10 浏览次数:

本文介绍了如何在 JavaScript 中进行不区分大小写的字符串比较。

toUpperCase() 方法中,首先将字符串转换为大写或小写,然后用三等式运算符 === 进行比较。

下面是一个例子。

var stringA = "This is a JavaScript tutorial";
var stringB = "THIS is A javascript TUTORIAL";

if (stringA.toUpperCase() === stringB.toUpperCase()){
    alert("The strings are equal.")
} else {
    alert("The strings are NOT equal.")
}

输出:

The strings are equal.

或者,你也可以使用 toLowercase() 字符串方法将字符串转换为小写,如下例所示。

var stringA = "This is a JavaScript tutorial";
var stringB = "THESE are javascript TUTORIALS";

if (stringA.toLowerCase() === stringB.toLowerCase()){
    alert("The strings are equal.")
} else {
    alert("The strings are NOT equal.")
}

输出:

The strings are NOT equal

但值得注意的是,大写法是首选。这是因为字母表中的一些字符在转换为小写时不能进行往返。这本质上意味着,它们可能无法以准确表示该数据字符的方式从一个 locale 转换到另一个 locale。

虽然上面的方法给出了一个简单的答案,但当字符串中包含 Unicode 字符时,它可能无法正常工作。localeCompare 字符串方法可以解决这个问题。它与 sensitivity: 'base'选项一起使用,以捕获所有 Unicode 字符。例如,我们可以在 if() 语句中使用该方法,以获得相关字符串相等和不相等的结果。

if( 'javascript'.localeCompare('JavaScrpt', undefined, { sensitivity: 'base' }) ==0){
alert("The strings are equal")
} else{
alert("The strings are different.")
}

输出:

The strings are different.

在这个方法中,我们使用 RegExp 模式和 test() 方法来进行不区分大小写的字符串比较。例如:

const strA = 'This is a case sensitive comparison';
const strB = 'This is a CASE SENSITIVE comparison';
const regex = new RegExp(strA, "gi");
const comparison = regex.test(strB)

if(comparison) {
    alert('Similar strings');
} else {
    alert('Different strings');
}

输出:

Similar strings

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