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本教程介绍了如何使用 DataFrame.drop_duplicates() 方法从 Pandas DataFrame 中删除所有重复的行。

DataFrame.drop_duplicates() 语法

DataFrame.drop_duplicates(subset=None, keep="first", inplace=False, ignore_index=False)

它返回一个 DataFrame，删除 DataFrame 中所有重复的行。

使用 DataFrame.drop_duplicates() 方法删除重复的行

import pandas as pd

df_with_duplicates = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "Id": [302, 504, 708, 103, 303, 302],
        "Name": ["Watch", "Camera", "Phone", "Shoes", "Watch", "Watch"],
        "Cost": ["300", "400", "350", "100", "300", "300"],
    }
)

df_without_duplicates = df_with_duplicates.drop_duplicates()

print("DataFrame with duplicates:")
print(df_with_duplicates, "\n")

print("DataFrame without duplicates:")
print(df_without_duplicates, "\n")

输出：

DataFrame with duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
4  303   Watch  300
5  302   Watch  300 

DataFrame without duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
4  303   Watch  300 

它会删除所有列的所有值都相同的行。默认情况下，DataFrame 中每一列都有相同值的行才被认为是重复的。在 df_with_duplicates DataFrame 中，第一行和第五行对所有列都有相同的值，所以第五行被删除。

设置 subset 参数以仅基于特定列删除重复项

import pandas as pd

df_with_duplicates = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "Id": [302, 504, 708, 103, 303, 302],
        "Name": ["Watch", "Camera", "Phone", "Shoes", "Watch", "Watch"],
        "Cost": ["300", "400", "350", "100", "300", "300"],
    }
)

df_without_duplicates = df_with_duplicates.drop_duplicates(subset=["Name"])

print("DataFrame with duplicates:")
print(df_with_duplicates, "\n")

print("DataFrame without duplicates:")
print(df_without_duplicates, "\n")

输出：

DataFrame with duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
4  303   Watch  300
5  302   Watch  300 

DataFrame without duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100 

在这里，我们将 Name 作为 subset 参数传给 drop_duplicates() 方法。第四行和第五行被删除，因为它们的 Name 列的值与第一列相同。

在 drop_duplicates() 方法中设置 keep='last'

import pandas as pd

df_with_duplicates = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "Id": [302, 504, 708, 103, 303, 302],
        "Name": ["Watch", "Camera", "Phone", "Shoes", "Watch", "Watch"],
        "Cost": ["300", "400", "350", "100", "300", "300"],
    }
)

df_without_duplicates = df_with_duplicates.drop_duplicates(subset=["Name"], keep="last")

print("DataFrame with duplicates:")
print(df_with_duplicates, "\n")

print("DataFrame without duplicates:")
print(df_without_duplicates, "\n")

输出：

DataFrame with duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
4  303   Watch  300
5  302   Watch  300 

DataFrame without duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
5  302   Watch  300 

它删除了所有的行，除了最后一行与 Name 列值相同的行。

我们设置 keep=False 来删除任何一列中具有相同值的所有行。

import pandas as pd

df_with_duplicates = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "Id": [302, 504, 708, 103, 303, 302],
        "Name": ["Watch", "Camera", "Phone", "Shoes", "Watch", "Watch"],
        "Cost": ["300", "400", "350", "100", "300", "300"],
    }
)

df_without_duplicates = df_with_duplicates.drop_duplicates(subset=["Name"], keep=False)

print("DataFrame with duplicates:")
print(df_with_duplicates, "\n")

print("DataFrame without duplicates:")
print(df_without_duplicates, "\n")

输出：

DataFrame with duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
0  302   Watch  300
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100
4  303   Watch  300
5  302   Watch  300 

DataFrame without duplicates:
    Id    Name Cost
1  504  Camera  400
2  708   Phone  350
3  103   Shoes  100 

它删除了第一、五、六行，因为它们的 Name 列都有相同的值。