How to fix the syntax error near unexpected token newline error in Linux Bash
When writing code using Bash scripts, special characters or missing quotes may cause errors. This article will explain how to fix these errors in Linux Bash bash: syntax error near unexpected token newline.
bash: syntax error near unexpected token newlineTroubleshooting Errors in Linux Bash
syntax error near unexpected token newlineThere are many code-related reasons why errors can occur in Bash scripts . The rest of this article explains the most common errors and how to fix them.
If you receive this error, it is most likely a syntax error. First, catread the contents of the file using the command.
cat file.sh
Note the use of special characters. <The character is used for input redirection and >the character is used for output redirection.
If you use these angle brackets, you must enclose them in quotes. Otherwise you will get an error.
For example, the following code will throw syntax error near unexpected token newline.
#!/bin/bash
str=<you cannot do this>
However, you can use angle brackets with quotes. The following code will work fine.
#!/bin/bash
str="<You can do this>"
It does not matter whether you use double quotes or single quotes. You can also do it in the following way.
#!/bin/bash
str='<You can also do this>'
Likewise, you cannot use angle brackets in Bash command line arguments. Let’s look at the following example.
There is a login procedure that takes a username and password as parameters. If any of the parameters contain angle brackets, you will get bash: syntax error near unexpected token newlinean error.
./login --username admin --password 1234<
Enclose the parameters in single or double quotes to avoid errors.
./login --username admin --password "1234<"
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