Connecting to PostgreSQL in SSL mode
When we try to connect to the database, Postgres uses SSL to verify the security of the connection. It is disabled by default in HTTP, but in HTTPS, we need the SSL mode of the connection to perform any operation in the Postgres database.
If the connection is not private, there can be multiple attack parameters. Anyone can easily use a sniffing tool through the database request-response.
What are the SSL modes in PostgreSQL?
Postgres provides different types of SSL modes. First, let's look at the generic connection string for Postgres.
const connectionString = "postgres://<database_username>:<database_userpassword>@<hostaddress>:<port_no>/<database_name>"
Now, we can add parameters sslmodeas shown below.
const connectionString = "postgres://<database_username>:<database_userpassword>@<hostaddress>:<port_no>/<database_name>?sslmode=<ssl_mode>"
This is a list of SSL modes provided by Postgres.
sslmode |
Eavesdropping protection | Man-in-the-middle protection | describe |
|---|---|---|---|
disable |
No | No | It does not care about security. No data is encrypted. |
allow |
Maybe | No | It will not care about security and encrypt the connection. |
prefer |
Maybe | No | It does not force the use of encryption; if the server supports the overhead of encryption, then it will encrypt. |
require |
Yes | No | By encrypting the data, it faces some encryption overhead, while the network can ensure that the user wants to connect to the right server. |
verify-ca |
Yes | Depends on CA policy | Encrypt your data, minimize encryption overhead and always connect to trusted servers. |
verify-full |
Yes | Yes | The data will be encrypted, the user accepts the overhead, the network and servers are trusted, and connections are only made to the specific servers that are asked. |
You can also set this flag in an environment variable.
PGSSLMODE=verify-full PGSSLROOTCERT=ca.pem
Here, ca.pemis the key. You need to collect it from a CA; CA stands for Certificate Authority.
This is the description of SSL mode from the official Postgres documentation.
Using NULL-SHA or NULL-MD5 ciphers, authentication can be done without any encryption overhead. A man-in-the-middle, on the other hand, might read and pass communications between the client and the server. In addition, as compared to the overhead of authentication, encryption has a low overhead. NULL ciphers are not recommended for these reasons.
Additionally, you can check out the official documentation here . They show how to self-sign the certificate when using SSL mode.
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